This is a kitchen refrigerator with the doors attached on the right and open in both photographs. The upper freezer compartment is shown in the first photograph. The 100 watt light bulbs in the photograph produce the heat and the bathroom exhaust fan blows the heated air down through the eggs. The air has previously traveled through the eggs and then is sucked by the fan up a false back thus returning the air to the freezer section of the refrigerator to be reheated and sent on its way again. Fresh air joins the air being heated as the fresh air is allowed to enter by keeping the freezer compartment door slightly (one quarter inch) ajar. To the left of the light bulbs is a wafer thermostat mounted in a handy box. A small part of the lower section is shown in the top photograph to help in orienting the lower photograph with the first photograph.
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Made From Old Kitchen Refrigerator Converted Freezer Area Is Pictured |
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Made From Old Kitchen Refrigerator Converted Refrigerator Area Is Pictured |
The three egg trays are connected by a strip of wood on each of the back corners. The arrangement was calibrated by leveling all three trays before attaching the strips of wood to the corners. For several years the incubator was operated as a "hand turner." By tilting one tray, all of the trays were tilted and the eggs were thus turned. Blocks were used to control the amount of the tilt. Later the automatic turner was added to the system. The thermostat system is a GQF electronic (#3258) thermostat backed by the wafer thermostat shown in the first photograph. The electronic thermostat is placed directly in the air flow coming from the fan in the upper compartment. The automatic turner is also a GQF. Probe thermometers are attached to the outside of the incubator (See G3) with the probes inserted through a hole and placed on the upper and lower trays. A wire basket sits under the three trays to catch babies that hatch in the trays and fall to the bottom. Most eggs are placed in the basket before they hatch. The wiring discussion below will describe the wiring procedure for this incubator. Since this is the only one of the incubators that has a turner, note the turner like the fan must be wired to be constantly available for use.
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Old Restaurant Pie Safe |
This is a restaurant pie safe. The air is heated by GQF heat cables which now replace the old refrigeration coils in the top of the unit. Air is sucked to the top of the incubator in the middle of the unit by a fan mounted in a chase as long as the incubator. The air is blown out the ends of the chase. Thus the air circulates in two circles. There is one circle on each end and in each case the circle is from the middle to the end, down to the bottom of the incubator, and back to the middle. The thermostat system is a GQF electronic (#3258) thermostat backed by a wafer thermostat. Both are placed at one end of the chase to be directly in the air flow pattern. The fan is the original refrigeration fan. This incubator is wired according to the wiring instructions below except that two 100 watt GQF heat cables have been substituted for light bulbs.
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Old Restaurant Pie Safe Converted To A Duck Incubator |
As interest in raising rheas and emus waned the pie safe was converted to a duck incubator. The conversion required only the removal of the metal shelves followed by insertion of the shelf unit pictured below. It was not convenient to install an automatic turner so the trays were attached allowing the eggs to be turned by lifting or lowering any of the shelves. When one shelf moves they all move.
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Right Made From Old School Two Door Refrigerator |
This is a school-type refrigerator. The two doors are open and not shown in the G1 but can be seen in G2. The unit on the left is smaller than the unit on the right as the right side is slightly taller. Goose eggs can be kept at 99.7 on the left while rhea and emu eggs can be kept on the right at about a degree lower or the right can be used as a hatcher for goose eggs. The middle between the two units is an enclosed chase with four openings at the top and four openings at the bottom that extend from the left side through to the right side. Two 100 watt bulbs are mounted at the bottom in the two center openings in the chase and two 40 watt bulbs are mounted in the two center openings in the top of the chase. The 40 watt bulbs are turned off and on as needed to regulate the temperatures at the top and bottom of the incubator, while the major heat dependence is on the 100 watt bulbs.
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Fans And Sheet metal blocks At The Bottom Plus Hatching Baskets |
Note that there is a golden glow at the lower left and the upper right of the middle support in G1. The glow is produced by light bulbs which are turned on inside the chase and are in holes which are not blocked by sheet metal. The openings on the opposite side of each glow are blocked with sheet metal immediately in front of the bulbs as can be seen in G2 at the bottom of the right side. Air circulates from the top left down to bottom left, through the chase to bottom right, returns to top right, and through the chase to the top left . To make this action take place, fans are placed in the first and fourth openings on the opposite side of the glow with the two middle openings blocked. Literally they are mounted on the top left and bottom right of the chase. The fans are pulling air from the glow side through to the blocked side of the chase.
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Observation Lights For Thermostats |
The thermostat system is a GQF electronic (#3258) thermostat backed up by a wafer thermostat. Both placed directly in front of one of the upper fans as can be seen in G1 and G3. The fans are Radio Shack 4 inch fans. When the bottom fan motors needed replacing recently they were replaced with Gemline EM670 fans, but the Radio Shack fan casings were retained to protect the fan blades. The thermometers are Radio Shack indoor/outdoor thermometers with probes. Note that the thermometers are mounted on top of the incubator and the probes are inserted through a hole into the incubator as shown in G3. Two thermometers monitor each side with a probe on the highest and lowest shelf on each side. This thermometer arrangement allows for monitoring of temperature without opening the doors. A small fan not show in any of the photographs is placed below a hole in the chase that was formerly a refrigeration moisture drain. This fan constantly pulls fresh air into the chase which serves as the heating chamber and provides the needed fresh air, while allowing the air to be heated before being distributed into the incubator proper. A Radio Shack thermometer/humidity gauge hangs on the back wall of the left side. Humidity is controlled by placing a plastic pan full of water on the floor of the right side of the incubator.
This incubator is designed for the goose eggs to lie flat on the wire shelves. The eggs are turned 180 degrees three to four times daily. It has been our experience that goose eggs hatch better when placed on the side rather than the end. This incubator is constructed with all of the wiring rising through the chase. When the incubator is in use the fans are always on and the light bulbs are turned on by the thermostats when heat is need to keep the temperature at the desired level. The bulbs are 130 volt bulbs purchased at an electrical supply store. These bulbs give much better service than the normal 120 volt bulbs available at most retail outlets.
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All Three Incubators |
The green wire is the ground wire and I like to have one since the incubators are nearly all metal, thus the green wire is bolted to the metal cabinet. The black (main black) wire must lead to all of the fans and to the thermostats. Each fan must be wired individually to the black wire, then connected to the white (main white) wire. The electronic thermostat is connected to the main black wire along with the fans. Except that with my wiring scheme the white wire of the electronic thermostat connects to the main black wire. The black wire of the thermostat now connects to the main white wire. Please note these black/white combinations are a peculiarity of this thermostat and my use of it, although it is an option detailed in the wiring instructions which come with the thermostat. The wafer thermostat is connected to the electronic thermostat by the blue wire. The blue wire attaches to the black wire to which each light must be individually attached. The white wires from the lights must be attached to the main white wire. If I want a light on the outside to let me know what is going on inside the incubator, I can mount a light on the outside of the incubator with its black wire joinng the black wire for the other light bulbs and its white wire joining their white wires. To set the temperature on the thermostats I fill the incubator close to the thermometer probes with burned out light bulbs. I set the wafer thermostat first to 102 degrees Fahrenheit. It will be my backup. Finally I set the electronic thermostat at 99.7 degrees Fahrenheit. If the electronic should fail the wafer will keep the eggs from being heated to the point of ruin.
Circulation of the air and having the thermostat placed directly in the major flow of air are the most important aspects of constructing any incubator.
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